微生物脱盐燃料电池（MDC）作为一种新兴的废水脱盐技术，具有脱盐效率高、运行能耗低等优点，通过产电细菌群的呼吸作用降解水中有机物，从而达到产电、脱盐的目的。然而，阴/阳极室pH失衡、高电池内阻、膜结垢、膜污染、离子交换膜造价较高等仍然是限制MDC应用到实际的问题。论述了MDC的基本原理和MDC阴极类型对产电、脱盐性能的影响，展望了MDC在实际应用中所面临的问题与应用前景。

 As an emerging wastewater desalination technology, microbial desalination fuel cell (MDC) has the advantages of high desalination efficiency and low operating energy consumption. It degrades organic matter in water through the respiration of electrogenic bacteria groups, thus achieving the purposes of power generation and desalination. However, pH imbalance in the cathode/anode chambers, high internal resistance of the battery, membrane scaling, membrane fouling, and high cost of ion exchange membranes are still problems that limit the application of MDC in practice.  The basic principle of MDC and focuses on the influence of MDC cathode types on power generation and desalination performance were discussed. It looks forward to the problems and application prospects of MDC in practical applications.