通过大粒径矸石压缩试验，研究了自然状态与饱水状态破碎矸石加载-恒载阶段的变形特征与能耗规律。结果表明，加载阶段变形量占总变形量超过90%，荷载梯度对前期位移变形影响较大，水对蠕变阶段位移变形影响较大；约1/3的功用于摩擦能耗，约2/3用于破碎能耗；与自然状态相比，饱水状态下全阶段能耗降低，能耗的变化速率也降低。位移曲线呈现出明显的急剧变形、线性变形以及蠕变变形3阶段特征，根据位移曲线的一阶导、二阶导的特征，提出了急剧-线性-蠕变3阶段变形的判断依据，当破碎矸石变形超过15% 时，承载效果较好。在饱水状态下破碎矸石表现出更均匀的内部力链分布，裂纹数目、裂纹增长速率和二次破碎率均显著高于自然状态。自然、饱水状态下破碎矸石顶部空隙率超过0.65，二次破碎率最高；底部空隙率小于0.45，二次破碎率最低；中部空隙率稳定在0.5左右，二次破碎流失量和顶部滑动滞留量可相互抵消。该研究结果可以为煤矿矸石充填稳定性监测及预测提供参考数据。

This study investigates the deformation characteristics and energy consumption patterns of natural and saturated crushed gangue with large particle size during loading-constant load stage through compression test. The results show that: 1) The deformation of natural and saturated crushed gangue in the loading stage accounts for more than 90% of the total deformation. The load gradient significantly affects the displacement deformation in the early stage, and the water also exerts major influence on the displacement deformation in the creep stage. 2) Under natural and saturated conditions, about 1/3 of the work is consumed by friction, while 2/3 by crushing; 3) Compared with the natural state, energy consumption and its variation rate are reduced in the full stage of saturated crushed gangue. The displacement curve shows an explicit three-stage pattern of sharp deformation, linear deformation and creep deformation. According to the first-order and second-order derivatives of the displacement curve, we proposed the judgment basis of the threestages of sharp-linear-creep deformation. When the deformation of crushed gangue exceeds 15%, we observed improved bearing capacity. By observing the gangue compression process, we found that the crushed gangue shows a more uniform internal force chain distribution in the saturated state, with a higher number of cracks, crack growth rate and secondary crushing rate than those in the natural state. Under natural and saturated conditions, when the top void ratio of crushed gangue exceeds 0.65, we observed the maximum secondary crushing rate, with the bottom void ratio of less than 0.45, as well as the minimum secondary crushing rate, with the middle void ratio remaining stable at about 0.5. The secondary crushing loss and the top sliding retention can offset each other. The present study could provide reference for the design, stability monitoring and prediction of coal gangue filling.