Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of China for High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines, University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing
School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing

天然铀作为关键的战略资源,在国防和能源领域具有重要意义。随着浅层资源的枯竭,深地战略成为保障资源安全的关键。砂岩铀矿溶浸开采是一种在天然条件下,通过注入溶浸液与矿石发生化学反应,将铀元素由固相转化为液相的采矿方法。地浸采铀具有低成本、短周期、管道化、无人化等优势,已在全球范围内得到应用。然而,深地砂岩溶浸开采面临着高井深、高地温、高地应力、强扰动的“三高一扰动”复杂环境,矿层孔裂结构的多尺度特性致使溶液渗流多级化,渗流路径复杂且均匀渗透困难。为了解决相关问题,研究人员在深地砂岩铀矿溶浸开采体系孔裂结构表征、渗流行为可视化及定向干预与宏观调控等方面开展了大量的研究工作。阐述了深地铀矿地浸体系孔裂−渗流透明表征与定向干预研究进展,其中孔裂结构透明表征主要分为物理表征方法与三维重建技术;渗流可视化技术包括渗流试验行为研究与透明岩石的制备,并介绍了数值模拟技术在渗流可视化中的应用;随后进一步探讨了深地铀矿地浸体系定向干预与调控机制,包括物理调控、生物化学调控和砂岩铀矿储层改造等策略。此类研究提高了铀矿的浸出效率,降低了开采对环境影响,推动了绿色可持续铀资源开发。最后提出深地砂岩铀矿溶浸开采体系孔裂−渗流透明表征与定向干预研究瓶颈难题,并展望未来研究需要进一步深化对深地砂岩铀矿溶浸开采机理的认识,优化和完善孔裂结构透明表征与渗流行为可视化技术,创新出更为高效与环境友好的定向干预与调控策略。

Uranium, as a pivotal strategic resource, holds significant importance in the fields of national defense and en-ergy. With the depletion of shallow resources, the deep earth strategy emerges as a crucial means to ensure resource secur-ity. Sandstone uranium ore leaching mining, a method that harnesses natural conditions by injecting leaching solutions tochemically react with ores, transforming uranium from solid phase to liquid phase, has garnered global attention due to itsadvantages of low cost, short cycle time, pipelining, and unmanned operation. Nevertheless, deep sandstone uraniumleaching confronts the "three highs and one disturbance" complex environment of high well depth, high geothermal tem-perature, high geostress, and intense disturbance, where the multi-scale nature of ore layer pore-fracture structures leads tomulti-stage solution seepage, intricate seepage paths, and difficulties in uniform permeation. To tackle these challenges, re-searchers have extensively delved into pore-fracture structure characterization, seepage behavior visualization, as well astargeted intervention and macro-control in deep sandstone uranium mines. This paper delves into the current researchstatus of pore fracture-seepage transparency characterization and directional intervention in the in-situ leaching system fordeep uranium mining. Specifically, the transparency characterization of pore fracture structures is primarily categorized in-to physical characterization methods and 3D reconstruction technologies. The visualization of seepage processes encom-passes studies on seepage experimental behaviors, the preparation of transparent rocks, and the application of numericalsimulation techniques in enhancing seepage visualization. Furthermore, the paper explores the mechanisms of directionalintervention and regulation within the in-situ leaching system for deep uranium mining, encompassing strategies such asphysical control, biochemical regulation, and sandstone uranium reservoir modification. These research efforts have signi-ficantly improved uranium leaching efficiency, mitigated environmental impacts associated with mining, and propelled thedevelopment of green and sustainable uranium resources. Lastly, the paper identifies the bottlenecks and challenges facedin the research on pore-fracture-seepage transparency characterization and directional intervention for the in-situ leachingof deep sandstone uranium deposits. Looking ahead, it is imperative to deepen our understanding of the leaching mechan-isms in such systems, optimize and refine the technologies for transparent characterization of pore-fracture structures andvisualization of seepage behaviors, and innovate more efficient and environmentally friendly strategies for directional in-tervention and regulation.

国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(52374112);国家自然科学基金青年资助项目(52204124);北京市自然科学基金面上资助项目(2232080)

王雷鸣,李硕,尹升华,等.深地砂岩铀矿溶浸开采体系孔裂−渗流透明表征与定向干预研究进展[J].绿色矿山,2024,2(4):381−396.

WANG Leiming,LI Shuo,YIN Shenghua,et al. Advances in transparent characterization and targeted inter-vention for fracture-seepage in deep sandstone uranium leaching systems[J]. Journal of Green Mine,2024,2(4):381−396.