为加快推进煤矿瓦斯抽采与利用技术的研发与应用，通过系统梳理我国煤矿瓦斯抽放向瓦斯抽采转变的发展历程，总结归纳我国典型煤矿瓦斯精准高效抽采技术，全面介绍煤矿瓦斯安全集输与全浓度利用技术最新应用情况，以期为加速发展煤矿瓦斯抽采与利用技术、实现甲烷减排、助力碳达峰碳中和(“双碳”)目标提供借鉴。

20世纪30—50年代是我国煤矿瓦斯抽放的起步阶段，主要在辽宁抚顺、山西阳泉、重庆天府等矿区采用井下钻孔法抽放本煤层瓦斯和上邻近层瓦斯保障采掘安全；60—70年代，黑龙江鸡西、贵州水城等矿区采取边掘边抽措施防治瓦斯超限与事故，取得了良好效果，开发了邻近层瓦斯抽放技术，针对低透气性煤层试验了煤层水力割缝、控制预裂爆破、水射流扩孔等方法；自20世纪80年代开始，随着工作面瓦斯涌出量大幅度增加，有针对性地应用本煤层瓦斯预抽、邻近层瓦斯抽放和采空区瓦斯抽放等多种方法对卸压瓦斯进行了有效抽放，但瓦斯利用进展缓慢。进入21世纪后，对煤矿瓦斯的认识已由单一灾害属性向灾害与资源共生属性转变，逐步实现了变瓦斯抽放为瓦斯抽采，结合不同矿区瓦斯地质条件差异性形成了以山西晋城“四区联动”井上下联合抽采模式、安徽两淮碎软低渗煤层保护层开采模式以及重庆松藻水力强化增透模式为典型代表的瓦斯抽采模式，研发形成了水封阻火泄爆、干式阻火器、细水雾和自动喷粉抑爆等安全输送技术与装置，迄今已获得广泛应用。在瓦斯利用方面，研发应用了瓦斯发电、直流氧化、多孔介质燃烧、蓄热氧化、乏风瓦斯掺混氧化等技术，为煤矿瓦斯“全浓度”利用提供了技术支撑。但煤矿瓦斯抽采仍然面临普适性差、成本高等难题，利用技术主要面临经济性差的挑战。

煤矿瓦斯抽采与利用技术的发展将聚焦至发展10 a规划区域瓦斯超前预抽采技术体系、扩展煤与瓦斯共采模式、源头优化瓦斯利用各环节、提升瓦斯抽采管网智能化水平、产−学−研−政联合攻关助力瓦斯利用项目落地等方面，实现煤矿瓦斯的全浓度利用，助力煤炭行业“双碳”目标的实现。

To promote the research and application of gas drainage and utilization technologies for coal mines, this study systematically summarizes the history of China’s coal mines transitioning from gas pumping to gas drainage, the accurate and effective gas drainage technologies for typical coal mining areas in China, and the latest applications of technologies related to safe gas gathering and transportation, as well as the utilization of gas with a full range of concentrations. This study aims to provide a reference for accelerating the advancement in gas drainage and utilization technologies for coal mines, achieving methane emission reduction, and helping attain the goals of carbon neutrality and peak carbon dioxide emissions.

The period from the 1930s to the 1950s represents the initial stage of gas pumping in coal mines in China. During this period, underground drilling was employed for gas pumping in target coal seams and their upper adjacent strata to ensure mining safety in the Fushun mining area in Liaoning Province, the Yangquan mining area in Shanxi Province, and the Tianfu mining area in Chongqing City. From the 1960s to the 1970s, gas pumping while mining was used for the prevention and control of gas overrun and accidents in the Jixi and Shuicheng mining areas in Heilongjiang and Guizhou provinces, respectively, achieving encouraging results. During this period, gas pumping technology for adjacent strata was developed, and methods including hydraulic slotting, controlled pre-splitting blasting, and water jet reaming were tested for coal seams with low air permeability. From the 1980s to the end of the 20th century, with a substantial increase in the gas outflow from the mining face, pressure-relief gas was effectively drained using various methods including gas pre-drainage in target coal seams, as well as gas pumping in adjacent strata and goaves. However, this period witnessed slow advancement in gas utilization. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the understanding of gas in coal mines has transitioned from simple disasters to disasters associated with resources, gradually achieving the transformation from gas pumping to gas drainage. In combination with the differences in geological conditions of gas in varying mining areas, three typical gas drainage modes have been formed: the surface-underground combined gas drainage mode through “four-zone linkage” in the Jincheng mining area in Shanxi Province (the new Jincheng mode), the protective layer mining mode for broken-soft and low-permeability coal seams in the Huainan-Huaibei area in Anhui Province (the Huainan-Huaibei mode), and the hydraulically enhanced permeability mode of the Songzao mining area in Chongqing City (the Songzao mode). Concurrently this period has seen the development and extensive applications of many safe transportation technologies and devices, including water sealing of fire barriers and explosion venting devices, dry flame arresters, and explosion suppression devices through water mist/automatic powder spraying. In terms of gas utilization, many technologies have been researched and applied, involving gas power generation, direct current (DC) oxidation, combustion in porous media, regenerative oxidation, and oxidation by mixing ventilation air methane with low-concentration gas. These technologies provide technical support for the utilization of gas with a full range of concentrations from coal mines. Nevertheless, gas drainage technologies for coal mines are confronted with challenges including poor applicability and high costs, and related gas drainage technologies suffer from low economic feasibility.

Gas drainage and utilization technologies for coal mines will focus on the development of the advanced gas pre-drainage technology system for ten-year planning areas, the expansion of the simultaneous extraction of coal and gas mode, the optimization of gas utilization processes from the source, the improvement in the intelligent level of gas drainage pipeline networks, and the implementation of gas utilization projects via government-industry-university-institute collaborations. This will help achieve both the utilization of gas with a full range of concentrations from coal mines and the goals of carbon neutrality and peak carbon dioxide emissions in the coal industry.