煤炭长期处于我国主体能源地位。随着近年开采规模和强度的增大，煤炭开采区岩石、土壤、水圈、生态环境的关联程度得到强化，急需从地球系统科学的理念出发，理解煤炭安全开采和绿色开采中围岩移动变形、冲击地压、煤与瓦斯突出、涌突水、地面沉陷、水土流失、生态环境损害等之间的耦合关系和链生特征。

提出基于地质结构控制和岩体结构采动响应的地质体复合损害科学研究内容、关键问题与减损地质保障思路，包括：(1)开展煤矿区煤−岩−水−土−生态圈层组合关系与动态响应特征研究，剖析复合损害形成的地质基础条件，厘清开发背景下各圈层采前、采中、采后地质条件动态演化特征，建立煤−岩−水−土−生态环境动态耦合演化模型。(2)建立复合损害协同驱动模型，精准识别量化各要素的关键状态参量，查明损害类型及其主控因素，揭示采动多场耦合响应规律与复合损害演化过程。(3)基于煤炭开采下多圈层损害之间的关联性，关注复合损害动态演化过程与对应关键状态参量变化，建立煤矿区复合损害协同预测监测与防控体系。(4)构建“五体系一平台”(精准勘探体系、智能感知体系、快速解译体系、风险评估体系、工程减损体系和采动复合损害综合分析平台)，科学分析煤炭埋藏条件、岩体结构条件、水文地质条件、生态环境条件等自然因素及岩−水−土−生态环境多圈层响应规律等地质信息，实现地质结构条件透明化、评价模型及方法有效化、煤炭开发模式优选化、风险动态预测超前化、地质保障策略科学化。煤矿围岩复合损害地质保障研究能够为煤炭减损开采提供科学指导，服务煤炭绿色安全开采与生态环境保护。

Coals have long served as a predominant energy source in China. With an increase in mining scale and intensity in recent years, the correlations between rocks, soils, hydrosphere, and ecological environment in coal mining areas have been strengthened. Given this, there is an urgent need to, from the perspective of Earth system science, understand the coupling relationships and chain characteristics among factors including the movement and deformations of surrounding rocks, rock bursts, coal and gas outbursts, water inrushes, ground subsidence, water and soil erosion, and damage to ecological environments, aiming to achieve safe, green coal mining.

Based on geological structure control and mining-induced responses of rock mass structure, this study proposes scientific research on composite damage to geological bodies, including content, key issues, and geological guarantee philosophies for damage reduction. Specifically, it is necessary to research the combination relationships of coals, rock water, soils, and ecosphere in coal mining areas, as well as their dynamic response characteristics. This will help analyze the basic geological conditions for the formation of composite damage, ascertain the dynamic evolution characteristics of the geological conditions of various spheres before, during, and after mining under the background of coal development, and establish a dynamic coupling and evolution model of coals, rocks, water, soils, and ecosystems. There is a need to establish a collaborative driving model of the composite damage. This will assist in accurately identifying and quantifying key state parameters of various elements, identifying damage types and their primary controlling factors, and revealing the multi-field coupling response laws to coal mining and the evolution process of composite damage. It is supposed to, based on the correlations between multi-sphere damage under coal mining, pay much attention to the dynamic evolution process of composite damage and corresponding changes in key state parameters and, accordingly, establish a collaborative prediction, monitoring, and prevention system against composite damage in coal mining areas. Furthermore, it is necessary to build five systems and one platform, i.e., a precise exploration system, an intelligent perception system, a rapid interpretation system, a risk assessment system, an engineering loss reduction system, and a comprehensive analysis platform for mining-induced composite damage. These systems and the platform are supposed to scientifically analyze natural factors such as coal burial conditions, rock mass structure conditions, hydrogeological conditions, and ecological conditions, as well as geological information like multi-sphere response laws of rocks, waters, soils, and ecosystems. The purpose is to achieve transparent geological structure conditions, effective evaluation models and methods, optimized coal development models, advanced prediction of risk dynamics, and scientific strategies for geological security. Additionally, research on the geological guarantee against composite damage to coal mine surrounding rocks can provide scientific guidance for damage reduction during coal mining and contribute to green, safe coal mining and ecological protection.