为了研究薄基岩区采动厚松散层底部土体渗透变形破坏特征，以鲍店煤矿西部五采区、六采区浅部为背景，系统分析了近年来相关安全开采和水文地质条件；建立了采动裂口处含黏砂土颗粒排列成拱的力学模型，采用解析法从采动条件与底部土体的实际力学环境角度，进行了采动裂缝上覆松散层底部土体渗透破坏分析，提出了临界失稳力学平衡条件和过渡拱失稳的临界水流速度方程。在此基础上，通过室内大量模型试验，获得了7种不同颗粒组成成分和不同采动裂缝条件下的上覆松散层底部土体渗透破坏相应的临界水力坡度，对比分析了采动和非采动2种情况的水砂突涌试验结果，发现采动条件下水砂突涌可分为涌砂稳定阶段、涌砂量骤减阶段和突水阶段3个阶段。

In order to study the seepage deformation and failure characteristics of the bottom soil mass of the thick loose layer in the thin bedrock area, the relevant safe mining and hydro-geological conditions are systematically analyzed based on the shallow area of the fifth and sixth mining areas in the west of Baodian Coal Mine. A mechanical model of the arrayed arch of clay sand particles at the mining fracture is established. From the perspective of mining conditions and the actual mechanical environment of the bottom soil, the seepage failure analysis of the bottom soil is carried out, and the mechanical equilibrium condition of critical instability and the critical flow velocity equation of transitional arch failure are presented. On this basis, through a large number of laboratory model tests, the critical hydraulic slope corresponding to the seepage failure of the soil at the bottom of the overlying loose layer under 7 different particle compositions and different mining fracture conditions was obtained. The results of the water-sand surge test under mining and non-mining conditions were compared and analyzed. It is found that the sand surge under mining conditions can be divided into three stages: the stable sand surge stage, the sudden reduction of sand surge and the water inrush stage.