针对冲击地压导致锚杆及其构件失效问题，设计了一种增加叠片吸能构件的新型锚杆。为研究新型叠片式吸能锚杆在动态冲击条件下的吸能和抗冲击特性，通过动态冲击试验和数值模拟比较了新型叠片式吸能锚杆与普通高强度锚杆在不同冲击能量下的性能。结果表明：引入叠片可显著降低锚杆顶部紧固端和锚杆尾部螺母处的冲击力和应变量，有效降低锚杆在冲击载荷下的变形程度，提高新型锚杆在冲击载荷下的结构完整性；冲击能量在30 kJ以下时，叠片均作为主要吸能部件吸收大部分冲击能量，引入叠片有效增强了新型锚杆吸能和抗冲击能力。

Aiming at the failure of bolt and its components caused by rock burst, a new type of bolt with laminated energy absorbing components is designed. To study the energy absorption and impact resistance characteristics of the new laminated energy-absorbing bolt under dynamic impact conditions, the performance of the new laminated energy-absorbing bolt and ordinary high-strength bolt under different impact energies was compared by dynamic impact test and numerical simulation. The results show that the impact force and strain at the bolt top fastening end and the bolt tail nut can be significantly reduced through the laminated component, the deformation degree of the bolt under impact load can be effectively reduced, and the structural integrity of the new bolt can be improved; when the impact energy is less than 30 kJ, the lamination as the main energy-absorbing component absorbs most of the impact energy; the introduction of laminates effectively enhances the energy absorption and impact resistance of the new bolt.