为解决砚北煤矿大倾角特厚煤层综放“分段−分层”复合开采临空侧大能量微震频发、巷道大变形问题，采用理论分析、数值模拟和现场实测方法对区段煤柱承载应力特征、煤柱失稳机制开展研究；建立了复合开采煤柱承载力学模型，理论分析了煤柱宽度影响下承载应力分布主要以非对称马鞍形、非对称平台形及单峰形3种形式存在，确定了煤柱承载应力以非对称平台形呈现时更易失稳。模拟结果表明：倾斜分层开采超前支承压力影响下，区段煤柱处于高应力状态，应力变化速率最为显著，大倾角特厚煤层“分段−分层”复合开采局部应力集中是煤柱失稳的主要诱因；基于大倾角特厚煤层复合开采区段煤柱失稳机制、工作面冲击地压防控思路与重点区域，制定的以顶板深孔预裂爆破、煤体爆破组成的远近结合、分批卸压减震防冲方案，有效降低了临空侧应力、能量水平，显著减小巷道大变形，避免了大倾角特厚煤层“分段−分层”复合开采煤柱区冲击地压的发生。

In order to solve the problems of frequent high energy microearthquakes and large roadway deformation in full-mechanized caving “segmented and stratified” combined mining in Yanbei Coal Mine with large dip angle and extra-thick coal seam, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field measurement are used to study the bearing stress characteristics of coal pillars and the instability mechanism of coal pillars. The load-bearing mechanical model of composite mining coal pillar is established, and the load-bearing stress distribution under the influence of coal pillar width is analyzed in three forms: asymmetric saddle shape, asymmetric platform shape and single peak shape, and it is determined that the load-bearing stress of coal pillar is more prone to instability when it is presented in asymmetric platform shape. The simulation results show that under the influence of pre-abutment pressure in inclined stratified mining, the section coal pillar is in a state of high stress, and the stress change rate is the most significant. The main cause of pillar instability is the local stress concentration in the combined mining of “segmented and stratified” coal seam with large dip angle; based on the instability mechanism of coal pillar in the composite mining area with large dip angle and ultra-thick coal seam, the prevention and control idea of rock burst of working face and key areas, the plan of the deep hole pre-splitting blasting in the roof and the combining of near and far blasting in the coal body, pressure relief in batches and shock absorption and shock prevention is formulated, which effectively reduces the stress and energy level of the gob side and significantly reduces the “segmented and stratified” composite mining of large dip angle and ultra-thick coal seam.