煤炭企业为社会稳定运行提供了能源支撑,在推动我国能源结构转型和经济稳定发展过程中发挥着重要作用。运用三阶段DEA-Malmquist指数方法,从静态和动态2个维度对2011—2022年我国主要煤炭上市企业发展效率进行了实证分析。研究结果表明,煤炭企业发展效率受环境因素和随机扰动影响较大;煤炭市场行情对煤炭企业发展效率具有重大影响,其中2011—2017年煤炭企业发展效率仅为0.666,2017—2022年煤炭企业生产效率均值为1.151,年均增长3%;技术进步是推动生产率提升的主要动力;煤炭企业生产效率低下的主要原因是规模效率偏小;央企煤炭企业发展效率及发展韧性明显高于地方煤炭企业。在此基础上给出了提升煤炭企业发展效率的相关政策建议。

Coal enterprises can energy support for the development of social economy and play an important role in promoting the transformation of China's energy structure.Using the three-stage DEA-Malmquist index method to analyze the development efficiency of major coal listed enterprises form 2011 to 2022 from static and dynamic dimensions.The results show that environment and random disturbance have a great impact on the development efficiency of coal enterprises.The development efficiency of coal enterprises is greatly influenced by the coal market situation, the development efficiency of coal enterprises from 2011 to 2017 was only 0.666, and the average production efficiency of coal enterprises from 2017 to 2022 was 1.151, with an average annual growth rate of about 3%.Technological progress is the main driving force to improve development efficiency of coal enterprises.The main reason for the low production efficiency of coal enterprises is the small-scale efficiency.The development efficiency and resilience of state-owned coal enterprises are significantly higher than those of local coal enterprises.According to the empirical results, some policy recommendations are proposed to improve the development efficiency of coal enterprises.