School of Economic,Hefei University of Technology

对外开放是新时期中国经济发展的重要特征和关键驱动因素,因此深入探讨对外开放背景下外商直接投资所具有的特征究竟如何影响中国的环境污染,是破解中国加入世界贸易组织后环境污染之谜的重要途径。从异质性外商直接投资的环境效应入手,深入探讨外资特征与外资数量影响环境污染的机制是否存在交叉效应,在回归模型中加入外资特征与相关数量指标的交互项,分别从行业偏向、区域偏向、规模偏向以及技术偏向4个方面研究外资特征如何影响中国环境污染。并引入外资单项投资规模和外资技术含量作为门槛变量纳入到回归模型,检验外资特征对环境污染的影响度与显著性是否会因为不同的外在条件而产生异质性。研究结果发现:① 外商直接投资在污染型行业的投资比重越高、外资企业单项投资规模越小以及外资所含技术水平越低越不利于环境污染的改善,但外资企业出口比重对环境污染的影响并不显著;② 外资企业单项投资规模和外资技术含量因门槛效应需要满足一定的临界值才有利于改善环境。结论深化了对中国式环境污染产生的外部机制的认识,更为提升开放水平、优化外资结构和有效治理环境污染提供了理论支持。

Opening up to the outside world is an important feature and key driving factor of China's economic development in the new era. Therefore, in-depth exploration of how the characteristics of foreign direct investment under the background of opening up affect China's environmental pollution is an important way to solve the mystery of environmental pollution after China’s accession to the World Trade Organization. This article starts with the environmental effects of heterogeneous foreign direct investment, and explores in depth whether there is a cross effect between the characteristics of foreign investment and the mechanism by which the quantity of foreign investment affects environmental pollution. The interaction term between foreign investment characteristics and related quantitative indicators is added to the regression model, and how foreign investment characteristics affect environmental pollution in China is studied from four aspects: industry bias, regional bias, scale bias, and technology bias. And introduce the scale of individual foreign investment and the technological content of foreign investment as threshold variables into the regression model to test whether the impact and significance of foreign investment characteristics on environmental pollution will be heterogeneous due to different external conditions. The research results found that: ① The higher the proportion of foreign direct investment in polluting industries, the smaller the scale of individual investment by foreign-funded enterprises, and the lower the technological level of foreign investment, the less conducive it is to improving environmental pollution. However, the impact of the proportion of exports by foreign-funded enterprises on environmental pollution is not significant. ② The scale of individual investment and foreign technology content of foreign-funded enterprises need to meet certain critical values due to the threshold effect in order to improve the environment. The conclusion of this article deepens the understanding of the external mechanisms of Chinese style environmental pollution, and provides theoretical support for improving the level of openness, optimizing the structure of foreign investment, and effectively controlling environmental pollution.

刘晨跃, 孟星彤. 外资特征影响中国环境污染的理论解释与实证检验. 煤炭经济研究. 2024, 44(11): 70-80

LIU Chenyue, MENG Xingtong. Theoretical explanation and empirical test of the impact of foreign investment characteristics on environmental pollution in China. Coal Economic Research. 2024, 44(11): 70-80