以掘进机为代表的机械破岩是未来竖井巷道掘进技术发展的方向，为保障竖井巷道快速机械智能化掘进的安全，超前地质探测是不可或缺的工序。从探测范围、适用条件以及优势不足等方面对常规超前地质探测技术和随掘超前探测技术的发展现状与特点进行了分类总结，常规超前探测技术各有一定的适用范围，在钻爆法施工环境中得到了较好地应用。在面对掘进机复杂的施工环境时，常规超前探测技术难以适用。而随掘超前探测可以实现掘进与超前地质探测同步进行，实时预测工作面前方的不良地质，是井巷机械智能化掘进超前地质探测技术研究的重点。其中，竖井全断面掘进机是综合机械化凿井的发展方向和趋势，但其施工环境非常复杂，基于掘进机破岩震源地震波的超前地质探测是有效的预测方法。针对全断面竖井掘进机破岩震源超前探测方法的难点，即施工环境和破岩震源地震波场的双重复杂性，从多个方面提出了解决思路：针对震源先导信号，采用多种方法联合去噪，压制破岩震源干扰波；对于地震记录信号，采用以互相关为核心的地震记录重构方法恢复有效波场；开展竖井全空间三维立体探测和高精度成像的研究等。此外，开展多种随掘物探方法联合反演能够提高地质判识的可靠性和解释精度。研发竖井掘进机的掘探一体化装备是未来深入研究的方向。

Mechanical rock breaking represented by boring machines is the direction of future development of vertical shaft and roadway excavation technology. In order to ensure the safety of rapid mechanical and intelligent excavation of shaft and roadway, advanced geological exploration is an essential link. The development status and characteristics of conventional advanced geological exploration technology and advanced geological exploration technology during excavation were classified and summarized from the aspects of detection range, applicable conditions, and advantages and disadvantages. Conventional advanced detection techniques each have a certain scope of application and have been well applied in the construction environment of blasting excavation method. When facing the complex construction environment of boring machines, conventional advanced detection techniques are difficult to apply. And advanced geological exploration technology during excavation can synchronously achieve excavation and advanced geological exploration, real-time prediction of unfavorable geology in front of the working face, which is the focus of research on advanced geological exploration technology for mechanized and intelligent excavation of shaft and roadway. The full face excavation machine for vertical shafts is the development direction and trend of comprehensive mechanized shaft sinking. However, its construction environment is very complex, and advanced geological detection based on seismic wave of boring machines rock breaking source is an effective prediction method. The difficulty of advanced detection method for rock breaking source of full face shaft boring machines lies in the dual complexity of construction environment and seismic wave field of rock breaking source. Solutions are proposed from multiple perspectives. For the source pilot signal, adopting multiple methods for joint denoising to suppress interference waves from rock breaking sources. For seismic record signals, a seismic record reconstruction method with cross correlation as the core is adopted to restore the effective wave field. Conduct research on full space three-dimensional detection and high-precision imaging of vertical shafts, etc. In addition, conducting joint inversion with multiple excavation geophysical methods can improve the reliability and interpretation accuracy of geological identification. The development of integrated equipment for excavation and exploration of vertical shaft tunneling machines is the direction of future in-depth research.