College of Energy Environment and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University

摩擦纳米发电机(TriboelectricNanogenerators,TENGs)能够将机械能转换为电能,在可穿戴设备、环境监测和能源收集等领域已经得到应用。生物质衍生炭质材料(Biomass-DerivedCarbonMaterials,BDCMs)因其来源广泛、绿色环保以及良好的导电性,在近些年已被诸多研究者应用于高性能TENGs的研制中。首先简要介绍了TENGs和BDCMs相关概念,随后总结了制备BDCMs的几种炭化方法,包括热解炭化法、水热炭化法以及激光诱导炭化法;并对BDCMs结构的调控方法进行了论述,包括模板法和活化法。选择适宜的炭化和调控方法有助于调节BDCMs的比表面积和孔隙结构,以提升基于BDCMs的TENGs的开路电压、短路电流等输出性能及其稳定性。进一步综述了基于BDCMs的TENGs作为供能型器件和传感型器件2种自供电器件的研究与应用进展,发现大蒜壳、咖啡渣和蛋壳膜等各类生物质均已被用于TENGs的制造,并成功应用于能量收集、电能供应、健康监测和手势识别等领域。最后,对BDCMs在TENGs中应用存在的问题进行了探讨,以期为BDCMs的创新应用提供借鉴参考。

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), which convert mechanical energy into electricalenergy, have been applied in the fields of wearable devices, environmental monitoring, and energyharvesting. In recent years, many researchers have utilized biomass-derived carbon materials (BDCMs)for the development of high-performance TENGs due to their wide range of sources, greenenvironmental protection, and good electrical conductivity. This paper provides a brief introduction tothe concepts of TENGs and BDCMs, followed by a summary of several carbonization methods used inthe preparation of BDCMs, including pyrolytic carbonization, hydrothermal carbonization, and laser-induced carbonization. The regulation methods for the structure of BDCMs are also discussed,Energy Environmental Protectionincluding the use of template and activation methods. The selection of suitable carbonization andregulation methods helps to adjust the specific surface area and pore structure of BDCMs, therebyfurther improving the output performance, including open circuit voltage and short circuit current, andstability of BDCMs-based TENGs. The paper presents a comprehensive review of the research andapplication progress of BDCMs-based TENGs in energy-supplying devices and sensing devices.Various biomass materials such as garlic shells, coffee grounds, and eggshell membranes have beensuccessfully used in the manufacture of TENGs and have found applications in energy harvesting,electricity supply, health monitoring, and gesture recognition. Finally, the paper discusses the problemsexisting in the application of BDCMs in TENGs, providing reference for the innovative use of BDCMs.

国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(52376216);浙江省“尖兵”“领雁”研发攻关计划资助项目(2023C01124)

吴洁,宋奥,李允超,等.生物质衍生炭质材料应用于研制摩擦纳米发电机的进展[J].能源环境保护,2024,38(6):47−58.

WU Jie, SONG Ao, LI Yunchao, et al. Advances in the applications of biomass-derived carbon materials intriboelectric nanogenerators[J]. Energy Environmental Protection, 2024, 38(6): 47−58.