A series of flexible and self-standing coal-derived carbon fibers （CCFs） were fabricated through electrospinning coupled with carbonization using bituminous coal and polyacrylonitrile （PAN） as the carbon precursors.These CCFs were utilized as free-standing lithium-ion battery （LIB） anodes.Optimizing carbonization temperature reveals that the CCFs exhibit a one-dimensional solid linear structure with a uniform distribution of graphite-like microcrystals.These fibers possess a dense structure and smooth surface,with averaging diameter from approximately 125.0 to 210.0 nm at carbonization temperatures ranging from 600 to 900°C.During electrospinning and carbonization,the aromatic rings enriched in bituminous coal crosslink with PAN chains,forming a robust three-dimensional （3D） framework.This3D microstructure significantly enhances the flexibility and tensile strength of CCFs,while increasing the graphite-like sp2microcrystalline carbon content,thus improving electrical conductivity.The CCFs carbonized at 700°C demonstrate an optimal balance of sp3amorphous and sp2graphite-like carbons.The average diameter of CCFs-700 is 177 nm and the specific surface area （SSA） is 7.2 m2·g-1.Additionally,the fibers contain oxygen-containing functional groups,as well as nitrogen-containing functional groups,including pyridinic nitrogen and pyrrolic nitrogen.Owing to its characteristics,the CCFs-700 showcases remarkable electrochemical performance,delivering a high reversible capacity of 631.4 m Ah·g-1.CCFs-700 also exhibit outstanding cycle stability,which retains approximately all of their first capacity (400.1 mAh·g-1) after 120 cycles.This research offers an economical yet scalable approach for producing flexible and self-supporting anodes for LIBs that do not require current collectors,binders and conductive additives,thereby simplifying the electrode fabrication process.

supportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(Nos.52474290,52274261,52074109,and52304284)；theOpenSubjectsofHenanProvincialKeyLaboratoryofCoalGreenConversion(No.CGCF202201)；theKeyScientificandTechnologicalProjectofHenanProvince(No.242102240008)；theKeyScientificResearchProjectsofCollegesandUniversitiesinHenanProvince(No.24A440003)；

[1]Xing B ,Meng W ,Liang H , et al.Flexible coal-derived carbon fibers via electrospinning for self-standing lithium-ion battery anodes[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2024,34(12):1753-1763.