为提高小煤矿炮采块煤率,结合龙岩矿区小煤矿块煤层特征,分析了块煤率的影响因素为块煤的岩性特征和爆破落煤方式,基于块煤岩性特征将块煤分为3类块煤,为提高块煤率研究分析了这3类块煤开采选择不同的落煤方式。试验结果表明:坚硬块煤层可通过适当爆破落煤方式实现块煤率提高23%;节理发育条带块煤层,可不放炮直接采用风镐落煤法开采,其块煤率提高33%;块煤夹粉煤煤层,采用爆破振动加风镐落煤的方法,块煤率提高较多。

In order to improve the lump coal rate of the drilling and blasting mining face in a small mine, in combination with the lump coal seam features of the sma II mine in Longyan Mining Area, the paper had an analysis that the influence factors of the lump coal rate would be the lithology features of the lump coal and the drillin g and blasting mining method.Based on the lithology features of the lump coal, the lump coal could be divided into three kinds of lump coal.In order to improve the lump coal rate, the three kind lump coal mining could select different coal cutting methods.The trial results showed that the hard lump coal seam with suitable drilling and bla sting cutting method could have a lump coal rate improved by 23%.When there was a joint developed zone in the lump coal seam, the drilling and blasting would not be allowed to be applied and the pneumatic pick could be directly applied to the coal cutting. Thus the lump coal rate could be improved by 33%.When a seam with lump Co al and fine coal, a standing blasting with pneumatic pick coal cutting method could be applied and the lump coal rate could be highly improved.

福建省教育厅资助项目(JB07163)；