从理论研究、室内试验等方面总结了煤矿突水溃砂机理的研究现状,指出上覆松散含水层的水头压力与溃砂通道宽度是建立描述突水溃砂机理的关键。通过对目前生产实践中采取的防治措施及安全评价方法的研究,认为应在综合评价影响采掘溃砂因素的基础上建立预测预警模型。并针对采掘溃砂过程中一些尚未解决的科学问题,诸如溃砂定量预测与计算、试验的可视化、采掘风险评价等。提出了"以颗粒物质的流动行为来深入认识溃砂产生的机理"这一观点,并引入了透明土试验技术,在深层次上揭示采掘溃砂过程机制、水砂混合物在岩体裂缝和破碎岩体中的运移规律的基础上,建立煤矿采掘溃砂安全评判模型,为松散含水层下安全开采提供技术支撑。

From the theoretical study and the indoor experiments, the paper summarized the study status of the water inrush and sand inrush mechanism in coal mi nes and pointed out that the water head pressure of the unconsolidated aquifer in the above overburden strata and the width of the sand inrush channel would be the ke y to set up and represent the mechanics of the water inrush and sand inrush.With the study on the prevention and control measures and the safety evaluation method a pplied to the present production practices, the paper held that the prediction and early warning model should be established based on the comprehensive evaluation on factors influenced to the sand inrush from the mine excavation and mining.According to the some unsolved scientific problems in the sand inrush process from the exca vation and mining, including the quantitative prediction and calculation of the sand inrush, the visualization of the experiment, the excavation and mining risk evaluation and others, the paper provided a view that " the flow behavior of the particle material was applied to deeply understand the mechanics of the sand inrush occurred" .Bas e on the transparent soil experiment technology applied to reveal the mechanism of the sand inrush process from the excavation and mining and the migration law of th e water and sand mixture in the rock cracks and the broken rocks, a sand inrush safety judgment model of the excavation and mining in coal mine was established to pr ovide the technology support to the safety mining under the unconsolidated aquifer.

国家自然科学基金委员会与神华集团有限公司联合资助项目(51174286)；高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助课题(20100095110015)；