跨临界动力循环是一种将热能转化为机械能的热力系统，因其在中低温热能转换中循环效率高、经济性好等优势受众多学者关注。现有文献多针对跨临界动力循环的特定应用展开综述，鲜有关于循环结构、仿真模型及循环工质的一般性论述。以跨临界动力循环为主线，首先回顾已有的跨临界动力循环结构，介绍循环的热力学模型（稳态模型、动态模型）及经济性模型（系统成本模型、（火用）经济模型），然后根据不同的循环工质（有机工质、CO2和CO2混合工质）重点阐述国内外跨临界动力循环的理论研究进展，最后简述近年来跨临界动力循环的试验研究现状。循环形式的构建将朝着与人工智能结合的方向发展，CO2混合工质或将成为研究热点，同时亟需加大循环部件的研发及系统试验研究。

Transcritical power cycle is a thermodynamic system that converts thermal energy into mechanical work, which has received much attention from both academia and industry, owing to its high thermal efficiency and good economic performance in energy conversion from low-to medium-temperature heat sources. At present, most of the existing literature is reviewed for specific applications of transcritical power cycles, and there is few general discussions of cycle construction, simulation models and working fluids. Firstly, taking the transcritical power cycle as the main line, the existing structures of the transcritical power cycle were reviewed. Thereafter, the thermodynamic models (steady-state and dynamic), the economic models (exergy economic model and the system cost model) for cycle simulation were introduced. Recent advances on transcritical power cycles were presented in terms of the working fluids (organic fluids, CO2 and CO2 mixture) at home and abroad. Lastly, the relevant experimental researches on transcritical cycles in recent years were illustrated. Based on the above reviews, it′s pointed out that the cycle construction will be developed towards artificial intelligence-based methods, and CO2-based mixture may become a hot research spot in the future. Meanwhile, it′s urgent to vigorously develop system components and conduct more experimental researches on transcritical system.

0 引言

1 跨临界动力循环结构及仿真模型

   1.1 循环结构

   1.2 热力学模型

   1.3 经济模型

2 不同工质跨临界动力循环理论研究

   2.1 有机工质跨临界动力循环

   2.2 CO2跨临界动力循环

   2.3 CO2混合工质跨临界动力循环

3 不同工质跨临界动力循环试验

4 结语及展望