Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Shandong Haike Holding Ltd.

随着汽车排放法规的逐渐严格,高效和清洁成为了发动机燃烧技术和燃料技术的发展目标。 汽油添加剂可以增强燃油的使用性能,有助于提升发动机的燃烧效率和控制排放。 本文以汽油添加剂中的清净剂、减摩剂、助燃剂为关注点,围绕上述汽油添加剂对发动机燃烧和排放的影响进行了综述。 研究表明,汽油清净剂通过清除和抑制发动机积碳,减少了一氧化碳(CO)、碳氢(HC)和颗粒物(PM)的排放,改善了燃油经济性;清净剂的添加浓度存在最佳值,过低或者过高的添加浓度并不能有效控制发动机积碳。 助燃剂促使汽油燃烧更迅速、更完全,使得污染物排放降低,发动机动力性提升;汽油减摩剂会在活塞环与气缸之间形成液膜,减小发动机运动部件之间的摩擦损失,使得发动机的燃油经济性得到小幅提升。

With stringent vehicle emissions regulations, high efficiency and cleanliness have becomethe development target of engine combustion and fuel technology. The gasoline additives could enhancefuel performance and thus contribute to engine combustion efficiency improvement and emissionscontrol. In this study, the influences of gasoline detergent, friction modifier, and combustion improveron engine combustion and emissions are reviewed. Literature studies have shown that the gasoline deter⁃gent reduces carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and particulate matter (PM) emissions,and improves fuel economy by removing engine deposits and inhibiting their formation. There is an opti⁃mal concentration of gasoline detergent, which means that gasoline detergent with too low or too highconcentration cannot effectively remove engine deposits. Combustion improvers contribute to faster andmore complete fuel combustion, resulting in reduced pollutant emissions and increased engine poweroutput. With the addition of friction modifiers, a liquid film is formed between the piston and the cylin⁃der, which reduces friction losses between the engine moving parts, resulting in a small improvement inengine fuel economy.

上海市科技创新行动计划国际合作项目(19160745400)

0 引 言
1 发动机沉积物及其控制
1.1 沉积物的形成
1.2 汽油清净剂作用机制
1.3 喷油器积碳与控制
1.4 进气门与燃烧室积碳及其控制
1.5 汽油清净剂对发动机异常燃烧的影响
2 助燃剂
3 减摩剂
4 发展与展望

霍金禄, 李晓华, 张铎, 等. 汽油添加剂对发动机燃烧和排放特性的影响[J]. 能源环境保护, 2023, 37(2): 178-186.

HUO Jinlu, LI Xiaohua, ZHANG Duo, et al. Effects of gasoline additives on engine combustion and emissionscharacteristics[J]. Energy Environmental Protection, 2023, 37(2): 178-186.