School of Energy Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University
Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of CoalWork Safety

基于传统封孔材料在煤层顶板深孔预裂爆破过程中存在封孔难度大、封孔效率低、劳动强度高等难题,提出了一种高效封孔材料。该材料具有凝结固化时间短、早期强度大、泵送性强等特性,材料初凝时间为 3.0 min,固化时间为 8.0 min;反应放热温度不高于 70 ℃,低于电雷管引燃温度;并且 0.5 h 的抗压强度为 5.96 MPa,相比黏土炮泥材料的 0.232 MPa,提高了近 25 倍;通过分析注浆材料封孔机理,确定高效封孔材料抗压强度满足封孔要求;为进一步研究高效封孔材料封孔强度,以黏土炮泥材料为对比,在 RMT-150 岩石力学测试系统测试静载荷作用下高效封孔材料的封孔强度;同时,根据高效封孔材料的特性设计了一套精确的、便于操作的高效封孔工艺并进行现场工程试验。结果表明:封孔材料的抗压缩能力和材料的残余压力随着封孔长度增加而增加,且高效封孔材料的压缩载荷强度远大于黏土炮泥材料;相同的封孔长度时,相比黏土炮泥材料,高效封孔材料封孔强度有了很大的提高;单孔封孔时间 15 min,封孔 0.5 h 可以爆破;爆破后,顶板完整性相对较好,CO 体积分数为 5×10−6~20 ×10−6,符合爆破安全要求。高效封孔材料爆破封孔不但具有很好的封孔效果,还实现了爆破封孔机械化作业,解决了顶板深孔封孔难题,大幅提高爆破封孔效率,相比传统封孔工艺取得了很大的进步。

Based on the difficulty of sealing, low sealing efficiency, and high labor intensity in the process of deep hole pre-splitting blasting of the coal roof with traditional sealing materials, a high-efficiency sealing material was proposed. The material has the characteristicsof short curing time, high early strength, and strong pump ability, the initial setting time of the material is 3.0min, and the curing time is8.0min; The reaction exothermic temperature is not higher than 70 ℃, lower than the ignition temperature of the electric detonator; Andthe compressive strength of 0.5 h is 5.96 MPa, which is nearly 25 times higher than the 0.232 MPa of clay stemming material; By analyzing the hole sealing mechanism of grouting materials, it is determined that the compressive strength of efficient hole sealing materialsmeets the requirements of hole sealing.;In order to further study the sealing strength of high-efficiency sealing materials, the sealingstrength of high-efficiency sealing materials under static load was tested by the RMT-150 rock mechanics testing system with the comparison of clay mud materials;At the same time, according to the characteristics of the material, a set of accurate, easy-to-operate and efficient sealing technology was designed and field engineering tests were carried out. The results show that: under static compressive load,the compressive resistance of the sealing material and the residual pressure of the material increase with the increase of the sealing length,and the compressive load strength of the high-efficiency sealing material is much greater than that of the clay mud material; With the samelength of sealing hole, the sealing strength of high-efficiency sealing material is much higher than that of the clay mud material.. Singlehole sealing time is 15 min, sealing 0.5 h can be blasted; After blasting, the roof integrity is relatively good, co concentration is 5−20, inline with the blasting safety requirements.. It shows that High efficiency hole sealing material blasting hole sealing not only has a goodhole sealing effect, but also realize blasting hole sealing mechanized operation, solve the problem of roof deep hole sealing, greatly improve the efficiency of blasting hole sealing, compared with the traditional hole sealing process has made great progress.

国家自然科学基金资助项目(51904093,52074101)

胡亚超, 熊祖强, 王春, 等. 煤层顶板深孔预裂爆破高效封孔材料及工艺研究[J]. 煤炭科学技术, 2023, 51(4): 30-36.

HU Yachao, XIONG Zuqiang, WANG Chun. Research on high-efficiency sealing material and technology of coal roof deep-hole pre-splitting blasting[J]. Coal Science and Technology, 2023, 51(4): 30-36.