采用气相色谱法（GC）、X射线衍射法（XRD）和差示扫描量热法（DSC）等手段研究了52号费托蜡与4种典型的石油基52号石蜡的组成、结构及性质。结果表明：5种蜡均以长链烷烃为主，费托蜡的碳数分布比较集中，正构烷烃含量、色度值高于石油基蜡，异构烷烃的含量、针入度及含油量均低于石油基蜡。常温下，费托蜡和石油基蜡均为正交晶体。费托蜡具有与石油基蜡相近的热性质，均存在一个较弱的固-固相转变峰和较强的固-液相转变峰。由偏光显微镜的结果可知费托蜡蜡晶为斜方形片状晶体，排列紧密。在降温过程中，片状蜡晶的径向尺寸逐渐增大，蜡晶会不断聚结形成大的固体晶团，进而形成三维空间网络结构。表明52号费托蜡正构烷烃含量较高，与气相色谱结果一致。由此可见，52号费托蜡在物理性质与化学组成上优于石油基蜡，在晶体结构与热性能方面与石油基蜡相似，可作为石油基蜡的有效补充。NICE研发的低毒特种萃取剂能够实现在无芳烃体系中生产符合国标的48～54号全精炼蜡，有望替代传统溶剂。

The composition, structure and properties of No.52 F-T wax and four kinds of No.52 petroleum wax were investigated by the use of Gas Chromatography (GC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)and other characterization methods. The results show that the five waxes are mainly composed of long-chain alkanes, and in compared with petroleum waxes, the F-T wax has narrow carbon number distribution, highn-alkane component content,high saybolt color value,low iso-alkane component content ,low needle penetrationvalue, and low oil content. At room temperature, both F-T and the petroleumwaxeshave the orthorhombic crystal structure. F-T wax has similar DSC as petroleum wax with respect to a weak solid-solid phase transition peak and a strong solid-liquid phase transition peak. According to the results of the polarized microscope, the oblique square sheet-shaped crystals are arranged closely. In the process of cooling, the radial size of the sheet wax crystal gradually increases, and the wax crystal will continue to form a large solid crystal group, thus forming a three-dimensional spatial network structure. It indicates the high content of n-alkanes in the wax of No.52, which is consistent with the GC results.The No.52 F-T wax is better than petroleum wax in terms of physical pr- operties and chemical composition, and is similar to petroleum wax with respect to crystal structure and thermal properties.The No.52 F-T wax can be used as petroleum wax. The low-toxicity special extraction agent developed by NICE can realize the production of No.48-54 fully refined paraffin wax in the aromatics-free system, which is expected to replace the traditional solvent.

0 引言

1 试验

   1.1 试验原料

   1.2 试验仪器和方法

2 结果与讨论

   2.1 常规物性分析

   2.2 元素组成和化学组成分析

   2.3 热性质分析

   2.4 晶体结构分析

   2.5 化学结构分析

   2.6 蜡晶晶体形貌分析

3 结论