以富油煤这一代表性的低阶煤为原料,采用KOH活化法,将富油煤与KOH按照质量比1∶2混合,在活化温度分别为600℃,700℃,800℃及900℃的条件下制备煤基超容炭材料,并使用高分辨率透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)对煤基超容炭材料进行观测,得到煤基超容炭材料的微晶结构特征参数分布图像,图像经傅立叶变换-反傅立叶变换以及二值化、骨架化等处理,得到煤基超容炭材料微晶结构特征参数分布的定量数据。将不同活化温度下制备的煤基超容炭材料微晶结构特征参数的定量数据进行对比研究,结果表明:在活化温度分别为600℃,700℃,800℃及900℃时制备的煤基超容炭材料的晶格条纹长度平均值分别为0.73nm,0.77nm,0.86nm及0.88nm;在活化温度分别为600℃,700℃,800℃及900℃时制备的煤基超容炭材料晶格条纹,分别有52.52%,42.11%,48.35%以及56.09%分布在60°~105°晶格条纹角度范围内;分别有70.23%,66.86%,61.29%及59.70%分布在0.10~0.25的曲率范围内;在活化温度分别为600℃,700℃,800℃及900℃时制备的煤基超容炭材料分别有9.16%,10.68%,8.17%及11.99%的堆垛形成。可见随着活化温度的升高,晶格条纹平均长度增大,且晶格条纹取向趋于一致,较小(0~0.10)和较大(0.25~0.35)曲率的晶格条纹占比增多,堆垛数呈现增多趋势。

Oil-rich coal, a representative low-rank coal, was used as the raw material to prepare coal-based supercapacitor carbon materials by mixing oil-rich coal with KOH at a mass ratio of 1∶2 at the activation temperatures of 600 ℃, 700 ℃, 800 ℃ and 900 ℃. High-resolu-tion transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) was utilized to obtain the images of microcrys-talline structure characteristic parameter distribution of the coal-based supercapacitor carbon ma-terials. The images were processed by Fourier transform-inverse Fourier transform, binarization and skeletonization to obtain quantitative data of the distribution of the characteristic parameters of the microcrystalline structure. The results show that the average lattice fringes lengths of coal-based supercapacitor carbon materials prepared at the activation temperatures of 600 ℃, 700 ℃, 800 ℃ and 900 ℃ are 0.73 nm, 0.77 nm, 0.86 nm and 0.88 nm, respectively. Furthermore, 52.52%, 42.11%, 48.35% and 56.09% of the lattice fringes are distributed in the angle range of 60° to 105°, while 70.23%, 66.86%, 61.29% and 59.70% of the lattice fringes are distributed in the curvature range of 0.10 to 0.25, and 9.16%, 10.68%, 8.17% and 11.99% of the stacks are formed, respectively. These findings indicate that with increasing activation temperature increa-ses, the average length of the lattice fringes increases, and the orientation of the lattice fringes tends to converge. Additionally, the percentage of lattice fringes with smaller (0-0.10) and lar-ger (0.25-0.35) radius ratio increases, and the number of stacks shows an increasing trend.