本研究通过对羟基磷灰石(HAP)的形貌调控，得到表面Ca、O、P分布不同的纳米棒状、片状和线状的HAP载体，负载1.25%的活性组分镍后，得到Ni/HAP-R、Ni/HAP-S和Ni/HAP-W催化剂进行甲烷干重整性能研究。其中，Ni/HAP-R催化剂表现出最优的活性和抗积炭性能。利用XRD、氮吸附-脱附、FT-IR、XPS及CO₂-TPD，对催化剂晶相结构、电子性质及表面酸碱性进行表征，证实棒状HAP具有最高的比表面积，有利于Ni的分散锚定，因此，活性最佳。且棒状HAP表面富Ca–O–P碱性位点，能够有效活化CO₂，促进积炭消除。TPSR实验进一步证实Ni/HAP-R催化剂上甲烷的深度裂解生成积炭的过程受到抑制，且在CO₂存在时能够迅速转化为CO和H₂，因此，具有良好的抗积炭性能。该研究为高稳定负载型催化剂的设计合成提供了新的思路。

In this paper, hydroxyapatite (HAP) with nanorod, nanosheet and nanowire morphologies were synthesized with different surface Ca, O and P distributions. After loading 1.25% of nickel, Ni/HAP-R, Ni/HAP-S and Ni/HAP-W catalysts were obtained and applied for MDR. Among them, the Ni/HAP-R catalyst showed the best performance. The geometric structure, electronic properties and surface basicity of the catalyst were characterized by XRD, N₂ sorption, FT-IR, XPS and CO₂-TPD. It proved that HAP-R possessed the larges surface area, thus beneficial for Ni dispersion to obtain high MDR activity. Meanwhile, it was rich in Ca-O-P which could accelerate the CO₂ activation for coke elimination. TPSR experiments further confirmed that the deep cracking of methane on Ni/HAP-R catalyst was inhibited. However, it could be accelerated in the presence of CO₂ to produce CO and H₂. In this case, Ni/HAP-R catalyst showed excellent anti-coking performance. This study provides inspiration for the design and synthesis of highly stable heterogeneous catalysts.