School of Humanities and Law, North China University of Technology

责任保险合同属于典型的利益第三人合同。赋予受害第三人以直接请求权,是责任保险法律体系发展完善的客观要求和必然趋势。《安全生产责任保险实施办法》第15条沿袭了《保险法》第65条第2款,规定了第三人附条件的请求权。所附条件为被保险人对第三人赔偿责任确定和被保险人怠于请求保险人承担责任,这是固守合同相对性和传统保险法分离原则的体现,怠于请求的条件是借鉴债权人代位权的结果,与直接请求权的规范意旨和性质不符。直接请求权是一种法定的独立的债权请求权,为简化权利行使成本,无需将上述两项条件设置为构成要件,应当承认在损害事故发生时第三人的直接请求权即当然产生。

A liability insurance contract is a typical contract for the interests of the third party.Granting theright of direct claim to injured third parties is an objective requirement and inevitable trend in the developmentof the legal system of liability insurance.Article 15 of Implementation Measures for Work Safety Liability Insurance follows the second paragraph of Article 65 of the Insurance Law and attaches conditions to the exerciseof rights for the third party.The attached conditions are that the insured's liability for a third party is determined and the insured's reluctance to request the insurer to assume responsibility, which is the embodiment ofadhering to the principle of relativity of contract and separation of traditional insurance law, and the conditionthat neglecting to request is the result of embodiment on the creditor's right of subrogation, which is inconsis99tent with the intent of legal norms and nature of the direct claim.The direct claim is a statutory independentclaim right.In order to simplify the cost of exercising the right, there is no need to set the above two conditions as constituent elements, and it should be recognized that the direct claim of a third party arises naturallyat the time of the damage accident.

王斐民,戴贤 .论安全生产责任保险中第三人直接请求权的性质与行使条件 [J].华北科技学院学报,2023,20(6):99-104

WANG Fei Min, DAI Xian.On the nature and conditions of the right of direct claim of a third party in worksafety liability insurance[J].Journal of North China Institute of Science and Technology,2023,20(6):99-104