煤矿地下积水采空区运行状态是井下高效生产工作的基本条件，而挡水煤柱作为直接与水接触的对象，更是潜在的危险因素。为及时了解挡水煤柱内部受力及渗压变化情况，以内蒙某矿42108辅运巷32与33联巷间挡水煤柱为研究对象，设计搭建监测系统，实时采集数据；引入概率论中相关理论和不等式方法，对各传感器进行分类和异常数据判定，建立了单一传感器分级报警方法，能够精准发现异常数据，提高数据异常甄别的准确率；采用矩阵QR分解法和最小二乘法等，同时对钻孔应力和渗压监测数据进行综合分析，建立区间范围，提供基于钻孔应力和渗压监测的综合安全分级方法。研究结果表明：单一测点分级预警和综合分析预警技术方法，能较准确地对挡水煤柱定点区域及整体进行安全评价预警；同时单一测点分级结果都略高于挡水煤柱综合分析预警等级，说明单点区域风险并不决定煤柱整体安全状态，挡水煤柱仍具有较高的可靠运行特性。

The operation state of underground water accumulation and mined-out areas in coal mines is the basic condition for underground efficient production work, while the water-blocking coal pillar, as the object directly exposed to water, is a potential hazard factor. In order to understand the internal force and seepage pressure changes in the water-blocking coal pillar in time, we take the water-blocking coal pillar between lane 32 and lane 33 of No.42108 auxiliary transport roadway in Inner Mongolia as the research object, design and set up a monitoring system to collect real-time data; we introduce relevant theories and inequality methods from probability theory into sensor classification and anomaly data determination, establish a single sensor graded alarm method, which can accurately discover anomalies and improve the accuracy of data anomaly screening; we adopt matrix QR decomposition method and least square method, and simultaneously conduct comprehensive analysis on borehole stress and seepage pressure monitoring data, establish interval ranges, and provide a comprehensive safety classification method based on borehole stress and seepage pressure monitoring. The research results show that the single-point graded early warning and comprehensive analysis early warning technology methods can accurately evaluate and early warn the fixed point area and overall safety of the water-blocking coal pillar; at the same time, the single-point graded results are generally slightly higher than the comprehensive analysis early warning level of the water-blocking coal pillar, indicating that risk in a single point does not determine the overall safety status of the coal pillar, and the water-blocking coal pillar still has a high reliable operating characteristics.