State Key Laboratory for Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources,China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing
College of Earth Science and Surveying Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing

煤炭绿色智能安全开采和“双碳目标”发展战略的实现亟需解决煤矿地质灾害隐患透明化探测和地质安全保障这一重大技术难题。受地质探测理论、技术与装备发展水平的限制,煤矿地质灾害隐患透明化地质保障技术支撑能力还相对滞后,探测技术与装备智能化、精准化、时效性、共享性还无法满足绿色智能安全开采需求。20世纪90年代至今,煤矿地面高分辨三维地震勘探等技术不断发展,大幅度提高了精确描述煤矿复杂地质构造、预测煤矿灾害隐患的准确性(精度可达3m),但其成果仅可部分满足煤矿开采对地质信息需求,更一步高精度的探测则需要通过煤矿井下物探来解决。此外,基于地面勘探和钻探成果所建立起的煤矿三维地质模型,并不是真正意义上的透明工作面,难以满足煤矿智能开采远程无人化操控对精细化乃至精准化的需求。实现煤矿地质灾害隐患透明化的目标,笔者提出在以下4个方面重点攻关:①聚焦矿井地质灾害源多地球物理场综合响应机制,研发煤矿地面勘探和井下探测技术和装备,研究矿井地质灾害源多物理场智能识别和动态反演技术,实现全要素地质灾害源识别精度;②研发矿井地质灾害隐患多场精细监测技术与装备,实现矿井地质灾害要素的透明化实时解析与适时反馈;③基于煤矿地质、钻探、测量等数据,研究地质灾害源定量精细表征和大数据智能识别技术,研究煤矿地质灾害因素敏感性属性信息聚合技术及高分辨率定量精细表征方法,实现地质灾害源多场多属性数据的时空融合和地质灾害的智能识别;④研究构建矿井地质灾害透明化立体全息地图及自动更新平台,构建多尺度三维地质模型,精细刻画井巷结构和灾害源形态的空间分布;研究构建地质灾害透明化立体全息地图,在采掘窗口内进行全息地图的实时更新与动态反馈,实现透明化全息地图构建、自动更新、专业分析和地质灾害源预警功能。

The realization of green,intelligent and safe mining of coal and the development strategy of“double car⁃bon target”urgently needs to solve the major technical problems of transparent detection and geological safety guaran⁃tee of hidden hazards in coal mines.Limited by the development level of geological exploration theory,technology and equipment,the transparent geological support technology of coal mine geological disaster hidden dangers is still rela⁃tively lagging behind,and the intelligence,precision,timeliness and sharing of detection technology and equip⁃ment cannot meet the needs of green,intelligent and safe mining.Since 1990s,the continuous development of technol⁃ogies such as high⁃resolution three⁃dimensional seismic exploration on the coal mine surface has greatly improved the accuracy(up to 3 m)of accurately describing complex geological structures in coal mines and predicting hidden hazards in coal mines.However,these achievements can only partially meet the geological information needs of coal mining,and further high⁃precision detection needs to be solved through underground geophysical exploration.In addition,the 3D geological model of coal mine established based on the ground exploration and drilling results is not a transparent working face in the true sense,and it is difficult to meet the needs of precision and even precision for re⁃mote unmanned control of intelligent coal mining.To achieve the goal of transparency of hidden geological hazards in coal mines,the author proposes to focus on the following four research aspects:① Focus on the comprehensive re⁃sponse mechanism of multi⁃geophysical fields of geological hazards sources in coal mines,develop the technology and equipment of surface exploration and underground detection,study the intelligent identification and dynamic inver⁃sion technology of multi⁃physical fields of geological hazards sources in coal mines,and achieve the accuracy of all⁃fac⁃tor geological hazards identification;② Research and development of multi⁃field fine monitoring technology and equip⁃ment for mine geological disaster hazards to achieve transparent real⁃time analysis and timely feedback of mine geolog⁃ical disaster elements;③ Based on coal mine geology,drilling,surveying and other data,study the quantitative and fine characterization of geological disaster sources and big data intelligent identification technology,research coal mine geological disaster factor sensitivity attribute information aggregation technology and high⁃resolution quantita⁃tive and fine characterization method,to achieve the spatio⁃temporal fusion of multi⁃field and multi⁃attribute data of ge⁃ological disaster sources and intelligent identification of geological disasters;④ Study the construction of transparent stereoscopic holographic map and automatic update platform of mine geological hazards,construct multi⁃scale three⁃dimensional geological model,and accurately depict the spatial distribution of shaft structure and disaster source form;Research and construction of transparent three⁃dimensional holographic map of geological disasters,real⁃time up⁃date and dynamic feedback of holographic map in the mining window,and realize the functions of transparent holo⁃graphic map construction,automatic update,professional analysis and geological disaster source warning.

国家重点研发计划资助项目(2023YFC3008902);国家自然科学基金资助项目(52174155)

许献磊,马正,陈令洲.煤矿地质灾害隐患透明化探测技术进展与思考[J].绿色矿山,2023,1(1):56-69.

XU Xianlei,MA Zheng,CHEN Lingzhou.Progress and thinking of transparent detection technology for hidden geological hazards in coal mines[J].Journal of Green Mine,2023,1(1):56-69.