School of Resources and Geosciences,China University of Mining and Technology
State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology
School of Safety Engineering,China University of Min⁃ing and Technology

煤炭开采过程中产生的采空区可能引发一系列问题,如地表塌陷、地下水位变化、水质污染和地质灾害等,因此采用科学有效的煤矿采空区探测方法至关重要。详细探讨了煤矿采空区的形成机理和对矿井安全的影响,介绍了煤矿采空区的探查原理和技术要点。借助地球物理方法,可以推断地下介质的物理性质变化,评估采空区的位置、范围和形态,进而评估其对矿山稳定性和地下水资源的影响。特别是煤矿电法采空区精细探查技术在实际应用中取得显著成果,诸多成功案例展示了该技术在实践中的可行性和有效性,为煤矿安全管理、资源再利用和环境保护提供了高分辨率、多参数的地电信息。除了探测技术,合理规划矿山开采布局、对采空区进行填充与修复,积极推进监测预警技术创新等措施也至关重要。这些举措有助于减轻煤矿采空区潜在危害,为绿色矿山建设和环境保护提供重要保障。目前煤矿采空区勘查与治理仍面临着许多挑战,如对采空区定量化评估、综合治理技术研究与应用等。未来发展方向包括更精细的地下勘查技术、多学科交叉合作研究模式以及智能化技术应用,推动采空区精细探查技术向更高水平和更广领域发展。

Coal mining activities generate goafs that pose various risks such as land subsidence,altered groundwater levels,water contamination,and geological hazards.Hence,employing scientifically effective methods to detect these coal mine goafs is paramount.This paper extensively delves into the formation mechanisms of coal mine goafs and their ramifications on mine safety,elucidating the principles and pivotal technological aspects of coal mine goaf ex⁃ploration.By leveraging geophysical methods,alterations in subsurface physical properties are deduced,enabling the assessment of goaf locations,extents,and shapes,subsequently evaluating their impact on mine stability and groundwa⁃ter resources.Notably,the precise exploration technology employing electromagnetic methods has demonstrated remark⁃able efficacy in practical applications.Numerous successful cases highlight its feasibility,furnishing high⁃resolution and multi⁃parameter geoelectric data pivotal for coal mine safety management,resource recycling,and environmental preservation.Beyond detection technologies,strategic mine layout planning,goaf backfilling and rehabilitation,alongside proactive innovations in monitoring and early warning technologies,stand equally imperative.These meas⁃ures collectively alleviate potential hazards associated with coal mine goafs,thus contributing significantly to fostering eco⁃friendly mines and environmental conservation.Nevertheless,the exploration and management of coal mine goafs encounter multifarious challenges.Quantitative assessment of goafs and the study/application of comprehensive man⁃agement techniques remain prominent among these challenges.Future trajectories encompass more sophisticated under⁃ground exploration technologies,interdisciplinary collaborative research models,and the integration of intelligent tech⁃nologies.These avenues promise to propel the development of precise goaf exploration techniques to elevated levels across broader domains.

国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(42230811)

岳建华,鲁凯亮,张河瑞,等.煤矿采空区精细探查技术[J].绿色矿山,2023,1(1):70-78.

YUE Jianhua,LU Kailiang,ZHANG Herui,et al.Fine exploration techniques for coal mine goafs[J].Journal of Green Mine,2023,1(1):70-78.