为研究露天矿产资源开采对周边土壤因子的影响程度及范围,以地处生态脆弱区的内蒙古荒漠草原典型矿区及其周边区域为研究区,采集矿区及与矿区不同距离范围内的土壤样品,分析矿区及其周边区域土壤养分的变化特征。结果表明:研究区内土壤中有机质(SOM)、速效钾(AK)、速效磷(AP)含量均处于较低水平,土壤质量较差;土壤中有机质(SOM)、速效钾(AK)、速效磷(AP)、碱解氮(AN)含量随着与矿区中心距离的增加呈显著性增加(P<0.05),说明露天开采影响了土壤中有机质、速效养分的积累,而土壤pH值、全氮(TN)含量变化不明显。对土壤养分自相关性进行地统计分析,土壤全磷(TP)、速效磷(AP)、速效钾(AK)表现为强烈空间自相关性,全氮(TN)具有中等程度空间自相关,碱解氮(AN)、有机质(SOM)、pH值空间自相关性较弱。矿区及其周边1.0~2.0km区域的土壤养分明显低于天然草原(对照),距离矿区中心5.0km区域的土壤养分与天然草原基本接近,表明距离矿区中心5.0km以外的区域土壤养分基本不受采矿活动影响。

In order to study the degree and scope of influence of surface mining on surrounding soil factors,the typicalmoderate spatial auto-correlation,and the spatial auto-correlation of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (AN),organic matter (SOM) and pH value is weak. The soil nutrients in the area 1. 0 km to 2. 0 km from the mining area and the surrounding area are significantly lower than those in the natural grassland (contrast),and the soil nutrients in the area 5. 0 km away from the mining center are basically similar to the natural grassland,indicating that the soil nutrients in the area 5. 0 km away from the mining center are basically not affected by mining activities.