利用RFPA^2D模拟在单轴压缩的条件下，含预制裂隙和孔洞复合岩层的裂纹扩展、破坏模式和分形特征，通过改变裂隙倾角和岩层倾角对裂纹扩展过程进行分析。结果表明：岩层倾角为0°不变而裂隙倾角变化时，模型试件破坏模式分为X型破坏模式和Y型破坏模式，对比应力-应变曲线和声发射数、分形维数-步数曲线发现分形维数对岩层破坏具有一定的表征作用；裂隙倾角为0°不变而岩层倾角变化时，模型试件破坏模式分为穿切软岩破坏模式和沿软岩破坏模式；通过Matlab计算得到的部分含孔复合岩层裂纹的分形维数与模型试件抗压强度的变化规律相同，分形维数与抗压强度之间的拟合存在显著的线性关系。

RFPA^2D was used to simulate the crack propagation, failure mode, and fractal characteristics of composite strata with prefabricated cracks and holes under the uniaxial compression test. The crack propagation process was analyzed when the crack inclination angle and rock inclination angle changed. And it was concluded that: when the rock inclination angle is 0° and the crack inclination angle changes, the cracks are classified into X-type cracks and Y-type cracks. When the crack inclination angle is 0° and the rock inclination angle changes, the failure modes of the model specimens are divided into the through-cut failure mode of soft rock and the failure mode along the soft rock. The variation law of fractal dimension of cracks in the composite rock stratum with holes calculated by Matlab is the same as that of the compressive strength of the model specimen, and the fitting between fractal dimension and compressive strength has a significant linear relationship.