深井灌注技术将在煤矿废水的处理中发挥越来越重要的作用,其对地下水环境影响的预测评价不可或缺,现有研究对地下水下游敏感受体的风险管理尚不够明确。基于此,以核桃峪煤矿矿井高盐废水和灌注井周边区域为研究对象,建立了基于“污染源-迁移途径-敏感受体”模型的地下水环境影响评价体系,指标主要包括了污染源、迁移途径和敏感受体三个部分,引入了地下水水质恶化对下游敏感受体的影响,考虑了地下水运移的全过程。结果表明:即使当灌注过程出现多处泄漏时,地下水污染风险评分为3.875,属于低风险。可见,无论正常灌注还是泄漏的状况,均不会对地下水环境保护目标造成影响。综合而言,研究提出的方法能够对高盐废水深部灌注对天然地下水水质的影响进行系统的风险评估,有助于相关工作者确定地下水水质恶化对周围生态环境和人体健康整体的危害,制定更科学、有效的场地应对措施。

Deep well injection technology will play an increasingly important role in the treatment of coal mine wastewater, and its prediction and evaluation of the impact on groundwater environment is indispensable. Existing research on risk management of sensitive receptors downstream of groundwater is not clear enough. Therefore, we take the high salt wastewater and the surrounding area of the injection well in the Hetaoyu Coal Mine as the research object, and establish a groundwater environmental impact assessment system based on the " pollution source migration pathway sensitive receptor" model. The indicators mainly include pollution sources, migration pathways, and sensitive receptors. The impact of groundwater quality deterioration on downstream sensitive receptors is introduced, and the entire process of groundwater migration is considered. The results show that even when there are multiple leaks during the injection process, the groundwater pollution risk score is 3. 875, which indicates low risk. Therefore, whether it is normal injection or leakage, it will not have an impact on the groundwater environmental protection goals. Overall, the method proposed in this study can conduct a systematic risk assessment of the impact of deep injection of high salinity wastewater on natural groundwater quality, which helps relevant workers determine the harm of groundwater quality deterioration to the surrounding ecological environment and overall human health, and develop more scientific and comprehensive site response measures.