黄河流域煤矿区的高强度开采对地表生态环境产生了高强度干扰。针对煤矿开采活动对矿区生物多样性的显著影响,综合运用多源卫星遥感、样方调查等方法,从生态系统多样性、遗传多样性和物种多样性角度评估神东矿区生物多样性保护与恢复状况,并对不同恢复模式下的植被群落多样性进行评价分析,结果表明:神东矿区现存草地、荒漠、城镇、农田、森林、水域6种生态系统类型,其中草地生态系统类型面积最大为528km2;矿区资源植物数量相对于原生环境有大幅提升,药用植物增加71种,经济植物增加7种;人工恢复群落较自然恢复群落生物多样性综合评价指数高,矿区生物多样性保护成效显著;在不同植被恢复模式下,“灌木+乔木”植被恢复模式最有利于矿区生物多样性的提升。研究成果可为矿区生物多样性保护及持续发展奠定生态基础和提供科学参考。

Aiming at the prominent influence of intensive mining activities on the surface ecological environment in the coal mining areas of the Yellow River Basin, the conservation and restoration status of biodiversity in Shendong mining area was comprehensively evaluated from the perspectives of ecosystem diversity, phylogenetic diversity, and species diversity, using methods such as satellite remote sensing and fields surveys. The vegetation community diversity under different restoration modes was also assessed. The results show that: Shendong mining area has six types of ecosystems, including grassland, desert, urban areas, farmland, forests, and water bodies. Grassland ecosystem has the largest area, covering 528 km2; The number of resource plants in the mining area has significantly increased compared to the natural environment, with 71 additional medicinal plants and 7 additional economic plants; The biodiversity index of artificially restored communities is higher than that of naturally restored communities, indicating significant effectiveness in biodiversity conservation in the mining area; Among different vegetation restoration modes, the “ shrub + tree” vegetation restoration mode is most beneficial for enhancing biodiversity in the mining area. The research findings can provide an ecological foundation and scientific reference for biodiversity conservation and sustainable development in mining areas.