针对当前煤矿区周边生态环境日益恶劣的问题,基于生态学概念,分别从生态敏感性、生态源地以及生态安全格局三方面对山西省煤矿区当前的生态现状进行评价。在生态敏感性方面,综合坡度、坡向、高程、植被指数以及土地利用类型五个因子,生成煤矿区综合敏感度,得出各煤矿区生态敏感性程度;并利用MSPA分析方法对生态源地进行识别,得出煤矿区对生态源地影响的程度;最后利用MCR分析方法对山西省煤矿区生态安全格局水平进行评价。结果表明,长治、临汾、晋中等市生态敏感度高的煤矿区较多,同时这些市区内煤矿区影响生态源地的面积较大,朔州、运城、长治等市煤矿区生态安全格局较低,在未来生态修复工作中需要对其着重治理。

In view of the worsening ecological environment around coal mining areas, we evaluated the current ecological status of coal mining areas in Shanxi Province from three aspects: ecological sensitivity, ecological source and ecological security pattern based on ecological concepts. Firstly, based on the five factors of ecological sensitivity, such as slope, slope direction, elevation, vegetation index and land use type, the comprehensive sensitivity of coal mining areas was generated to obtain the ecological sensitivity degree of each coal mining area. Secondly, MSPA analysis method was used to identify the ecological source area, so as to further obtain the impact degree of coal mining areas on the ecological source area. Finally, MCR analysis method was used to evaluate the ecological security pattern level of coal mining areas in Shanxi Province. The research results show that, Changzhi, Linfen, Jinzhong and other cities are located in more coal mining areas with high ecological sensitivity, and the coal mining areas in these urban areas have a large impact on the ecological source area, and the ecological security pattern of coal mining areas in Shuozhou, Yuncheng, Changzhi and other cities is low, which needs to be emphasized in the future ecological restoration work.

1 研究区域概况
2 数据获取及研究方法
2.1 数据获取
2.1.1 山西省煤矿区数据获取
2.1.2 山西省土壤数据获取
2.1.3 山西省高程数据获取
2.1.4 山西省植被指数数据获取
2.1.5 山西省土地利用数据获取
2.2 研究方法
2.2.1 空间分析方法
2.2.2 量化分析方法
3 生态现状评价
3.1 煤矿区生态系统敏感性
3.2 煤矿区生态源地
3.2.1 生态源地识别
3.2.2 煤矿区影响生态源地范围
3.3 生态安全格局水平
4 结 论