电磁检测是矿用钢丝绳缺陷可靠的检测手段之一。基于电磁法的矿用钢丝绳缺陷检测，目前存在缺陷与信号特性表征规律不明确的问题，定量识别时存在无关信号特性，影响识别准确性。采用三维磁偶极子理论计算、Maxwell模拟仿真与试验相互验证的方法，总结漏磁信号特性与缺陷变化之间的表征关系。首先建立磁场环境下的钢丝绳三维磁偶极子理论模型，应用模型对标准缺陷处进行磁场理论计算并进行Maxwell模拟仿真；分别提取理论值与仿真值的峰/谷绝对值、波宽、峰谷差值、峰谷值宽度四项信号特性，进行缺陷与信号的表征分析；最后设计缺陷进行试验验证，得到试验数值的斯皮尔曼相关系数。试验结果表明：缺陷的宽度、深度与峰/谷绝对值、波宽、峰谷差值3个信号特征值呈正相关，与峰谷值宽度无明显相关性；缺陷长度与峰/谷绝对值呈先上升后下降的趋势，与波宽、峰谷差值、峰谷值宽度呈正相关。并且发现宽度缺陷信号幅值最强，长度缺陷信号幅值最弱，深度信号幅值居中，峰谷差值和峰谷绝对值与缺陷相关性最高。该研究具有一定的工程指导价值。

Electromagnetic detection is one of the reliable means of detecting mining wire rope defects. Based on the electromagnetic method of mining wire rope defect detection, there is a problem of unclear characterization law of defects and signal properties, and there are irrelevant signal properties in quantitative identification, which affects the accuracy of identification. The characterization relationship between the leakage signal characteristics and defect changes is summarized by using the method of three-dimensional magnetic dipole theory calculation, Maxwell simulation and experimental mutual verification. Firstly, the three-dimensional magnetic dipole theoretical model of steel wire rope under magnetic field environment is established, and the model is applied to the standard defects at the magnetic field theoretical calculations and Maxwell analog simulation; the peak/valley absolute value, wave width, peak/valley difference, peak/valley width of the theoretical and simulated values are extracted respectively, and the characterization analysis of the defects and the signals is carried out; finally, the design of defects is experimentally verified, and the experimental values of the Spearman correlation coefficients are obtained. The experimental results show that: the width and depth of defects are positively correlated with three signal eigenvalues of peak/valley absolute value, wave width and peak/valley difference, and there is no obvious correlation with peak/valley width; the length of defects shows a trend of increasing and then decreasing with peak/valley absolute value, and positively correlates with wave width, peak/valley difference and peak/valley width. And it is found that the width defect signal amplitude is the strongest, the length defect signal amplitude is the weakest, the depth signal amplitude is in the middle, and the peak/valley difference and peak/valley absolute value have the highest correlation with the defect. This study has certain engineering guidance value.