National Key Laboratoryof Deep Coal Safety Mining and Environmental Protection
School of Spatial Informatics and Geomatics Engineering,Anhui University of Science and Technology
Institute of Energy,Hefei Compre Hersive National Science Center
School of Safety Science and Engineering,Anhui University of Science and Technology

矿井关闭后,由于受到岩体之间应力和地下水等诸多因素的影响,导致矿区地下岩层和土层的结构发生变化,从而在采空区的地表上造成了二次形态的改变。为探寻矿井关闭后地表形变的规律,采用SBAS-InSAR(SmallBaselinesSubsetInSAR)技术,对影像数据处理后,得到了淮北市海孜矿区关闭矿井5.5a的地表形变信息。通过影像结果分析,该矿区有2处较为明显的下沉区域,分别分布于矿区东部和西南部,最大下沉速率为25mm/a,最大下沉量为124mm,根据以往学者对关闭矿井地区残余下沉的研究,推测其下沉原因可能与煤层采深、地下水汇集破坏煤岩柱以及地表积水等因素有关,同时矿区中部区域发生明显抬升,多集中于祁集镇及周边范围,最大抬升速率为18mm/a,最大抬升量为133mm,推测抬升原因可能与地下水回升和建筑物的重力加载有关,推测地下水涌入居民区地下,造成裂隙岩体反弹,而建筑物重力加速了这一过程,则建筑物集中地区抬升越明显。矿区下沉区域约4a后地表沉降趋于稳定,居民区地表经历先下沉后抬升逐渐趋于稳定。笔者从地表形变最显著区域选取特征点,结合煤层深度、地下水和建筑物重力等因素进行更加详细地分析,根据形变特征将地表形变随时间变化分为3个阶段:残余下沉阶段、相对稳定阶段和抬升阶段;再根据矿区内地表的年形变面积变化得出:监测时间内,矿区大体上抬升面积逐年增加,下沉面积的比重逐渐减小,从而推测矿区抬升区域已达到最大抬升量,但抬升范围将会进一步扩大。

After the closure of the mine,due to the influence of various factors such as stress between rock masses and groundwater,the structure of underground rock layers and soil layers in the mining area has changed,resulting in secondary morphological changes on the surface of the goaf.To explore the pattern of surface deformation after mine closure,SBAS-InSAR(Small Baselines Subset InSAR)technology was used to process image data and obtain surface deformation information of the closed mine in Haizi Mining Area,Huaibei City for 5.5 a.Through the analysis of image results,it is indicated that there are 2 obvious subsidence areas in the mining area,distributed in the eastern and southwestern parts of the mining area,with a maximum subsidence rate of 25 mm/a and a maximum subsidence a-mount of 124 mm.Based on previous research by scholars on residual subsidence in closed mine areas,it is speculated that the reasons for its subsidence may be related to factors such as coal seam mining depth,underground water accumulation damaging coal and rock pillars,and surface water accumulation.At the same time,there is a signifi-cant uplift in the central area of the mining area,It is mostly concentrated in Qiji Town and its surrounding area,with a maximum lifting rate of 18 mm/a and a maximum lifting amount of 133 mm.It is speculated that the reason for the lifting may be related to the rise of groundwater and the gravity loading of buildings.It is speculated that groundwater flows into the underground of residential areas,causing the rebound of fractured rock masses,and the gravity of build-ings accelerates this process.The more obvious the lifting in areas with concentrated buildings.After about 4 a of sub-sidence in the mining area,the surface subsidence tends to stabilize,while in residential areas,the surface gradually tends to stabilize after first subsidence and then uplift.Selected characteristic points from the most significant areas of surface deformation and conducted a more detailed analysis based on factors such as coal seam depth,ground-water,and building gravity.Based on the deformation characteristics,the surface deformation over time can be divided into 3 stages:residual subsidence stage,relatively stable stage,and uplift stage;Based on the annual deformation are-a changes in the surface of the mining area,it can be concluded that during the monitoring period,the overall uplift ar-ea of the mining area has increased year by year,while the proportion of subsidence area has gradually decreased.Therefore,it is speculated that the uplift area of the mining area has reached its maximum uplift amount,but the uplift range will further expand.

国家自然科学基金青年资助项目(52104172);安徽省自然科学基金青年资助项目(2108085QE207);安徽理工大学校级重点资助项目(xjzd2020-13)

桂智琛,徐良骥,刘潇鹏,等.基于时序 InSAR 的关闭矿井地表残余沉降监测[J].绿色矿山,2024,2(1):55-64.

GUI Zhichen,XU Liangji,LIU Xiaopeng,et al.Monitoring surface residual settlement of closed mines based on time series InSAR[J].Journal of Green Mine,2024,2(1):55-64.