落实“双碳”承诺是我国当前最紧迫的任务之一。但由于对水力发电的地位和作用还缺乏客观的认知,至今还有不少人认为,离开了煤电我国的能源安全就岌岌可危。事实上,真正能够支撑人类走向可持续发展的,应该是基于可再生能源构建的新型电力系统。核电作为一种不排放二氧化碳的能源形式,理论上似乎能满足碳中和的要求,但是,鉴于自然界中的铀矿资源储量极为有限,这使得核电在能源转型的初期阶段或许能发挥一定作用,却难以成为长远的解决方案。当前国际社会在电力能源转型方向上普遍倡导的“退煤、弃核”,转向主要依赖可再生能源的观点,实际上是人类社会可持续发展大趋势的体现。而在这个过程中,能否正确认识水电的地位和作用,将成为我们实现主要依靠可再生能源供电目标的关键所在。

Fulfilling the "dual carbon" commitment is one of the most urgent tasks in China. However, due to the lack of objective understanding of the status and role of hydropower generation, many people still believe that without coal power, China's energy security is at stake. In fact, what can truly support human beings towards sustainable development should be a new power system based on renewable energy. As an energy form that does not emit carbon dioxide, nuclear power seems to theoretically meet the requirements of carbon neutrality. But we must clearly recognize that the reserves of uranium ore resources in nature are extremely limited, which makes nuclear power perhaps play a certain role in the early stage of energy transformation rather than a long-term solution. The current international community generally advocates the transition direction of electric power energy, which is "to retire coal and abandon nuclear" and turn to rely mainly on renewable energy which is actually a manifestation of the general trend of sustainable development in human society. In this process, whether we can correctly understand the status and role of hydropower will be the key to achieving the goal of relying mainly on renewable energy for power supply.