School of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang’ an University

在隧道工程建设过程中,岩体崩落等安全事故属于常见的危险情况。为能够综合考虑到岩体坍塌这类动态危险障碍物对隧道内施工人员应急疏散的影响,选取某高原地区铁路隧道工程作为研究对象,运用元胞自动机理论(CA)构建了隧道内人员与动态危险障碍物(如落石)轨迹交互模型,并研发了岩体崩落时的人员疏散模拟方法。在此基础上,对隧道内不同岩体崩落灾害等级和范围下的应急疏散过程进行了分级分段的数值模拟和讨论。结果表明:开发的数值模拟方法能够准确地模拟出不同灾害等级下人群在岩体崩落时的疏散过程和伤亡情况;根据模拟结果可知,当发生同一等级的岩体崩落事故时,随着灾害范围的扩大,受伤人数增加,整体疏散速度变慢,从而导致疏散时间延长;同时,灾害等级也是影响施工人员安全的主要因素,灾害等级越高,坍塌岩块的密度越大,从而增加了临灾群体受伤和死亡的概率。该疏散模型为隧道灾害条件下施工人员应急疏散提供了参考依据。

In the process of tunnel construction, safety accidents such as rock caving are common dan- gerous situations. In order to comprehensively consider the impact of dynamic dangerous obstacles such as rock collapse on the emergency evacuation of construction personnel in the tunnel, this study select- ed a railway tunnel project in a plateau area as the research object, used cellular automata theory( CA) to build a trajectory interaction model between personnel and dynamic dangerous obstacles( such as rock fall) in the tunnel, and developed a personnel evacuation simulation method when rock collapse occurred. On the basis of this, the numerical simulation of and the discussion about the emergency e- vacuation process under different disaster levels and ranges of rock mass collapse in the tunnel were carried out. The results show that the numerical simulation method developed in this paper can accu- rately simulate the evacuation process and casualties under different disaster levels. According to the simulation results, when a rock mass collapse accident of the same level occurs, with the expansion of the disaster scope, the number of injured people increases, and the overall evacuation speed slows down, resulting in a prolonged evacuation time. At the same time, the disaster level is also the main fac- tor affecting the safety of construction personnel. The higher the disaster level, the greater the density of collapsed rock blocks, thus increasing the probability of injury and death of disaster prone groups. The evacuation model provides a reference for emergency evacuation of construction personnel under tunnel disaster conditions.

国家自然科学基金项目(52008030,41941019);陕西省创新人才推进计划科技创新团队项目(2021TD-55)第一作者:翟越,男,陕西西安人,博士,教授,E-mail:zy@chd.edu.cn

翟越,张雨末,屈璐,等.隧道岩体崩落灾害下施工人员疏散模拟方法研究[J].西安科技大学学报,2024,44(2):319-327.

ZHAI Yue, ZHANG Yumo, QU Lu, et al. Simulation method of construction personnel evacuation under tunnel rock caving disaster[ J] . Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology, 2024, 44( 2) : 319-327.