煤矿采煤工作面顶板烧变岩涌(失)水高效治理需要具有压缩韧性优良的注浆加固材料。硅酸盐水泥基注浆材料成本低，已在煤矿注浆加固中广泛应用，但存在硬化浆体变形韧性较差的问题。采用丙烯酰胺(AM)原位聚合增韧的方法，研究丙烯酰胺、交联剂、引发剂的掺量和水灰比对粉煤灰基注浆材料的凝结时间、溶胀性、抗压强度、韧性指数的影响，并采用SEM观测硬化浆体的微观结构。结果表明，丙烯酰胺可以在粉煤灰浆液中原位聚合生成聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)凝胶；当AM掺量为25.0%，交联剂掺量为0.75%，引发剂掺量为2.25%，水灰比为0.575时，材料抗压变形率大于60%，溶胀比达到113.43，韧性指数达到257.92%；通过SEM观测发现，注浆材料硬化浆体形成以粉煤灰颗粒为刚性骨架、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶为柔性网络的无机有机镶嵌网络结构，硬化浆体的压缩应力−应变曲线的变形率普遍大于40%，具有显著的塑性变形特征；工程实验结果显示最大抗折韧性变形率可达到25.86%。该注浆材料具有优异的韧性、流动性及较好的遇水膨胀性，可用于煤矿顶板渗漏水治理。

Efficiently controlling the water inflow (loss) of burnt rocks in the roof of coal mining faces requires grouting reinforcement materials with excellent compressive toughness. Silicate cement-based grouting materials, characterized by low costs, have been extensively applied to grouting reinforcement in coal mines. However, their hardened grout is susceptible to deformation, exhibiting poor toughness. By employing the in-situ polymerization of acrylamide (AM) for toughening, this study investigated the effects of AM, cross-linking agent, initiator, and water-cement ratio on the setting time, swelling capacity, compressive strength, and toughness index of the fly ash-based grouting materials. Furthermore, the microstructures of the hardened grout were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Key findings are as follows: (1) AM can polymerize in-situ in the fly ash grout to form polyacrylamide (PAM) gel. (2) With AM content of 25%, cross-linking agent content of 0.75%, initiator content of 2.25%, and the water-cement ratio of 0.575, the fly ash-based grouting material exhibits a compressive deformation rate of above 60%, a swelling ratio of 113.43, and a toughness index of 257.92%. (3) Observations of SEM images reveal that the hardened grout of the grouting material forms an inorganic-organic mosaic network structure, with fly ash particles and PAM gel constituting its rigid framework and flexible network, respectively. The deformation rates derived from the compressive stress-strain curves of the hardened grout generally exceed 40%, suggesting significant plastic deformation characteristics. (4) Engineering experimental results show a maximum flexural toughness deformation rate of up to 25.86%. Overall, the grouting material developed in this study, with excellent toughness and fluidity, as well as favorable swelling properties in water, can be applied to water seepage and leakage control for coal mine roofs.