直接空气捕集技术(DAC)作为一种从空气中捕集CO2的新兴负排放技术,对实现全球气候目标越来越重要。然而,如何优化DAC选址以支撑其大规模部署亟待解决。基于现有文献资料,构建了一个广泛适用的DAC项目选址指标体系,其中,一级指标可归纳为CO2封存与运输、能源供应、环境特征、社会影响4方面,并覆盖21项二级指标。基于该指标体系,对从事相关领域的政府管理人员、科研人员和产业专家开展问卷调查,评估了各项指标影响DAC选址的重要性。结果表明,DAC选址是一个多因素决策过程,不同因素对不同技术类型的影响程度存在显著差异。针对高温吸收技术,一级指标的重要性依次为环境特征、能源供应、社会影响以及封存与运输;针对低温吸附技术,一级指标的重要性依次为环境特征、社会影响、能源供应以及封存与运输。特别地,温度对高温吸收技术选址至关重要,而土地利用和相对湿度对低温吸附技术尤为关键。此外,专家意见针对一些指标(如空气质量、核能供应)存在显著分歧,表明实际外界条件如何具体影响DAC性能研究尚不充分。未来应进一步加强多因素影响下DAC选址研究,对于实现负碳技术大规模推广具有重要意义。

Direct Air Capture (DAC),as an emerging negative emission technology for removing CO2 directly from the atmosphere,plays a vital role in achieving global climate goals. However, optimizing DAC siting to support its large-scale deployment remains achallenge. Based on existing literatures,a set of DAC project siting index system was developed,categorized into 4 primary indicatorsincluding CO2 sequestration and transportation,energy supply,environmental characteristics,and social impacts,covering 21 secondaryindicators. Using this index system,a questionnaire survey was conducted targeting government officials,researchers,and industry expertsto assess the significance of these indicators in influencing DAC siting decisions. The findings underscore DAC site selection as a multi-factor decision-making process,with significant variations in the importance of different factors for different technology types. For high-temperature absorption technologies,4 primary indicators,ranked by importance,are environmental characteristics,energy supply,socialimpacts,sequestration and transportation. For low-temperature adsorption technologies,4 primary indicators,ranked by importance,areenvironmental characteristics,social impacts,energy supply,sequestration and transportation. Notably,temperature is crucial for sitinghigh-temperature absorption technologies,while land use and relative humidity are critical for low-temperature adsorption technologies.Furthermore, significant divergences were observed among experts regarding certain indicators (such as air quality, nuclear energysupply), indicating insufficient research on how these factors specifically affect DAC performance. Future research should furtherenhance DAC siting under multi-factor impacts,which is crucial for the large-scale deployment of negative carbon technologies.

0 引言

1 指标选取

2 研究方法

   2.1 问卷设计

   2.2 调查样本

   2.3 调查问卷分析方法

3 结果与分析

   3.1信效度检验

   3.2 封存与运输对DAC选址的重要程度分析

   3.3 能源供应对DAC选址的重要程度分析

   3.4 环境特征对DAC选址的重要程度分析

   3.5 社会影响对DAC选址的重要程度分析

   3.6 综合不同指标对DAC选址的重要程度分析

4 结论及展望