School of Chemistry and Environment Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology( Beijing)

针对新型煤化工企业用水及排污存在的问题,以典型煤气化工艺为例,阐述了其废水产生的节点及水质特征。分析认为,煤气化废水主要来源于洗涤、冷凝和分馏工段,其废水的主要特点是有机污染物浓度高,酚类、油及氨氮浓度高,生化有毒及抑制性物质多,废水可生化性差,是一种典型的高浓度、高污染、有毒、难降解的工业废水。在此基础上,分析了新型煤化工废水零排放常用处理工艺"物化+生化+曝气生物滤池+双膜(超滤+反渗透)+膜蒸馏+高浓盐水固化(蒸发塘或机械蒸发)"的技术特点与主要功能。最后分析了以上常用处理工艺存在的主要技术问题,并提出了解决思路。

According to water tillization and waste water discharge problems existed in the new coal chemical enterprises,taking the typical coal gasification techniqu . e as a case,the paper stated the node occurred from waste water and water quality features. The analysis held that waster water of the coal gasification mainly would come from washing,condensing and ditillation. The features of the waste water would be high concentrated organic pollutants,phenols,oil and nitrogen. The biochemistry would be harmful and many inhibitory substance. The biodegradability of the waste water would be poor. The waster water would be a typical high concentration high polluted,har mful,difficult to biodegrade industrial waster water. Based on the circumstances,the paper analyzed the technical features and major functions of conventional treatment tec hniques of waste water zero discharge in the new coal chemistry,physical chemistry + biochemistry + biological aerated filter + double membrane( ultrafiltration + reverse 0 smosis) + membrane distillation + high concentrated brine solidification( evaporation pond or mechanic vaporization). Finally,the paper analyzed the main technical proble ms existed in the above conventional treatment techniques and certain solution ideas were provided.